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'''Samba''' is a [[free software]] re-implementation of [[Server Message Block|SMB/CIFS]] [[Computer networking|networking]] [[protocol (computing)|protocol]], originally developed by [[Australian]] [[Andrew Tridgell]]. As of version 3, Samba provides [[Computer file|file]] and [[Input/output|print]] [[Windows service|services]] for various [[Microsoft Windows]] [[Client (computing)|clients]] and can integrate with a [[Windows Server domain]], either as a [[Primary Domain Controller]] (PDC) or as a domain member. It can also be part of an [[Active Directory]] domain.

Samba runs on most [[Unix]] and [[Unix-like]] systems, such as [[Linux]], [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[AIX]] and the [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] variants, including Apple's [[Mac OS X Server]] (which was added to the Mac OS X client in version 10.2). Samba is standard on nearly all distributions of Linux and is commonly included as a basic [[Services menu|system service]] on other Unix-based operating systems as well. Samba is released under the [[GNU General Public License]]. The name ''[[Samba]]'' comes from SMB ([[Server Message Block]]), the name of the standard protocol used by the Microsoft Windows network file system.

== Early history ==
[[Andrew Tridgell]] developed the first version of Samba Unix in December 1991 and January 1992, as a PhD student at the [[Australian National University]], using a [[packet sniffer]] to do [[:Category:Computer network analysis|network analysis]] of the protocol used by [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] [[PATHWORKS]] server software. At the time of the first releases, versions 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0, all from the first half of January 1992, it didn't have a proper name, and Tridgell just called it "a Unix file server for Dos Pathworks". At the time of version 1.0, he realized that he "had in fact implemented the netbios protocol" and that "this software could be used with other PC clients". [http://samba.org/samba/ftp/old-versions/server-10.tar.Z]

With a focus on [[interoperability]] with Microsoft's [[LAN Manager]], Tridgell released "netbios for unix", nbserver, version 1.5 in December 1993. This release was the first to include client-software as well as a server. Also, at this time GPL2 was chosen as license.

Midway through the 1.5-series, the name was changed to ''smbserver''. However, Tridgell got a [[trademark]] notice from the company "Syntax", who sold a product named ''TotalNet Advanced Server'' and owned the trademark for "SMBserver". The name "Samba" was derived by running the Unix command [[grep]] through the system dictionary looking for words that contained the letters S, M, and B, in that order.

Versions 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 followed relatively quickly, with the latter being released in January 1995. Tridgell considers the adoption of [[Concurrent Versions System|CVS]] in May 1996 to mark the birth of the Samba Team, though there had been contributions from other people, especially [[Jeremy Allison]], previously.[http://samba.org/samba/docs/10years.html]

Version 2.0.0 was released in January 1999, and version 2.2.0 in April 2001.

== Recent history ==
Version 3.0.0, released on 23 Sep 2003, was a major upgrade. Samba gained the ability to join Active Directory as a member, though not as a domain controller.Subsequent point-releases to 3.0 have added minor new features. Currently, the latest release in this series is 3.0.37, released 1 October 2009, and shipped on a voluntary basis. The 3.0.x series officially reached end-of-life on 5 August 2009.

Version 3.1 was used only for development.

With version 3.2, the project decided to move to time-based releases. New major releases, such as 3.3, 3.4 etc will appear every 6 months. New features will only be added when a major release is done, point-releases will be only for bug fixes. The main technical change in version 3.2 was to autogenerate much of the [[DCE/RPC]]-code that used to be handcrafted. Version 3.2.0 was released on 1 July 2008. It will be updated on an as-needed basis for security issues only and its current release is 3.2.15 from 1 October 2009.

Version 3.3.0 was released 27 January 2009 and is now at version 3.3.9 in this branch.

Version 3.4.0 was released 3 July 2009. This is the first release that includes both Samba 3 and Samba 4 source code.

[http://samba.org/samba/ftp/stable/samba-3.4.3.tar.gz Version 3.4.3]was released 29 October 2009. It is the latest stable release of the Samba 3.4 series.

Version 3.5.0pre1 was released on 26 November 2009. Current planning according to the mailing list would bring 3.5.0pre2 around 15 December 2009 and 3.5.0rc1 around 7 January 2010

Version 4.0 is planned as a major rewrite that will enable Samba to be an Active Directory domain controller. After three years of development, the first technical preview (4.0.0TP1) was released in January 2006. Subsequently, new previews and then alphas have followed regularly. The most recent version is 4.0.0-alpha10, released on 9 December 2009.

== Features ==
Samba allows file and print sharing between computers running Windows and computers running Unix. It is an implementation of dozens of [[Service (systems architecture)|services]] and a dozen protocols, including [[NetBIOS]] over [[TCP/IP]] ([[NetBIOS over TCP/IP|NBT]]), SMB, [[CIFS]] (an enhanced version of SMB), [[DCE/RPC]] or more specifically, [[MSRPC]], the Network Neighborhood suite of protocols, a [[Windows Internet Naming Service|WINS]] server also known as a NetBIOS Name Server (NBNS), the NT Domain suite of protocols which includes NT Domain Logons, Secure Accounts Manager (SAM) database, Local Security Authority (LSA) service, NT-style printing service (SPOOLSS), [[NTLM]] and more recently Active Directory Logon which involves a modified version of [[Kerberos (protocol)|Kerberos]] and a modified version of [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol|LDAP]]. All these services and protocols are frequently incorrectly referred to as just NetBIOS or SMB.

Samba sets up [[network share]]s for chosen Unix [[directory (file systems)|directories]] (including all contained subdirectories). These appear to Microsoft Windows users as normal Windows folders accessible via the network. Unix users can either [[Mount (computing)|mount]] the shares directly as part of their file structure using the [[smbmount]] command or, alternatively, can use a utility, smbclient (libsmb) installed with Samba to read the shares with a similar interface to a standard command line [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] program. Each directory can have different access privileges overlaid on top of the normal Unix file protections. For example: home directories would have read/write access for all known users, allowing each to access their own files. However they would still not have access to the files of others unless that permission would normally exist. Note that the netlogon share, typically distributed as a read only share from <tt>/etc/samba/netlogon</tt>, is the logon directory for user logon scripts.

Samba services are implemented as two daemons:
* smbd, which provides the file and printer sharing services, and
* nmbd, which provides the NetBIOS-to-IP-address name service. NetBIOS over TCP/IP requires some method for mapping NetBIOS computer names to the IP addresses of a TCP/IP network.

Samba configuration is achieved by editing a single file (typically installed as <tt>/etc/smb.conf</tt> or <tt>/etc/samba/smb.conf</tt>). Samba can also provide user logon [[user logon scripts|scripts]] and group policy implementation through <tt>poledit</tt>.

Samba is included in most Linux distributions and is started during the boot process. On Red Hat, for instance, the <tt>/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb</tt> script runs at boot time, and starts both daemons. Samba isn't included in Solaris 8, but a Solaris 8-compatible version is available from the internet from www.samba.org.

Samba includes a web administration tool called ''Samba Web Administration Tool'' (SWAT).

== Samba TNG ==


Samba TNG was [[fork (software development)|forked]] in late 1999, after disagreements between the Samba Team leaders and Luke Leighton about the directions of the Samba project. They failed to come to an agreement on a development transition path which allowed the research version of Samba he was developing (known at the time as Samba-NTDOM) to slowly be integrated into Samba.

Since the project started, development has been minimal due to a lack of developers. As such the Samba TNG team frequently recommends to people who are unsure of which program to use to try Samba instead, as they have more developers and are able to support more platforms and situations.

One of the key goals of the Samba TNG project is to rewrite all of the NT Domains services as [[FreeDCE]] projects. Making this rewriting goal difficult is the fact that services were all developed manually through network reverse-engineering, with limited or no reference to DCE/RPC documentation. 

The key differences between the two programs are in the implementation of the NT Domains suite of protocols and [[MSRPC]] services. Samba makes all the NT Domains services available from a single place, whereas Samba TNG has separated each service into its own program.

[[ReactOS]] has started using Samba TNG services for its SMB implementation. The developers of both projects were interested in seeing the Samba TNG design used to help get ReactOS talking to Windows networks. They have been working together to adapt the network code and build system. The multi-layered and modular approach made it easy to port each service to ReactOS.


== See also ==
* [[LM hash]]
* [[Kerberos (protocol)]]
* [[Smbldap-Tools]]
* [[SSLBridge]]
* [[Smbmount]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.samba.org/ Official Samba Web Site]
* [http://samba.org/ftp/tridge/misc/french_cafe.txt How Samba was written]
* [http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596007690/ Using Samba 3rd ed.]
* [http://www.informit.com/content/images/0131472216/downloads/0131472216_book.pdf Samba-3 by Example], book licensed under the [[Open Publication License|OPL]]
* [http://www.rxn.com/services/faq/smb/samba.history.txt A history of Samba, written in 1994], by Andrew Tridgell
* [http://www.vnunet.com/itweek/news/2085206/samba-beats-windows "Samba beats Windows", a study comparing the two]
* [http://www.samba-tng.org/ Samba-TNG project homepage]
* [http://us1.samba.org/samba/tng.html http://us1.samba.org/samba/tng.html Article] on Samba-TNG from [[Andrew Tridgell]]
* [http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-524722.html?legacy=zdnn Coverage on the Samba code fork] from [[ZDNet]]

==e-book==

* http://cssoss.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/samba-sharing/

==Pranala Menarik==

* [[Instalasi dan Konfigurasi SMB]]
* [[Samba Network Neighbourhood]]
* [[Instalasi Samba]]
* [[Linux Howto]]