20 Linux System Monitoring Tool - Revision history

Onnowpurbo at 00:40, 27 January 2011

2011-01-27T00:40:41Z

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	==17#: Nagios - Server dan Network Monitoring==		==17#: Nagios - Server dan Network Monitoring==

	Nagios adalah aplikasi ~~monitoring~~ open source ~~computer system and network~~ monitoring ~~application software~~. ~~You can easily monitor all your hosts~~, network ~~equipment and services~~. ~~It can send~~ alert ~~when things go wrong and again when they get better~~. FAN is "Fully Automated Nagios". FAN ~~goals are to provide a~~ Nagios ~~installation including most tools provided by the~~ Nagios ~~Community~~. FAN provides a CDRom image in the standard ISO format, making it easy to easilly install a Nagios server. Added to this, a wide bunch of tools are including to the distribution, in order to improve the user experience around Nagios.		Nagios adalah aplikasi [[open source]] monitoring [[komputer]] dan jaringan. Kita dapat dengna mudah memonitor semua host, peralatan network dan layanan. Dia akan mengirimkan alert jika ada hal yang salah dan juga ketika semua sudah baik kembali. FAN adalah "Fully Automated Nagios". Tujuan FAN adalah untuk memberikan instalasi Nagios termasuk hampir semua tool yang diberikan oleh komunitas Nagios. FAN provides a CDRom image in the standard ISO format, making it easy to easilly install a Nagios server. Added to this, a wide bunch of tools are including to the distribution, in order to improve the user experience around Nagios.

	==18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool==		==18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool==

Onnowpurbo at 00:36, 27 January 2011

2011-01-27T00:36:47Z

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	==#15: strace - Melihat System Call==		==#15: strace - Melihat System Call==

	~~Trace~~ system ~~calls and signals~~. ~~This is useful for~~ debugging ~~webserver and other~~ server ~~problems~~. See how to use to trace the process and see What it is doing.		Menelusuri system call dan signal. Hal ini sangat berguna untuk melakukan debugging web server atau masalah lain di server. [[See how to use to trace the process and see What it is doing]].

	==#16: /Proc file system - ~~Various~~ Kernel ~~Statistics~~==		==#16: /Proc file system - Berbagai Statistik Kernel==

	/proc file system ~~provides detailed information about various~~ hardware ~~devices and other~~ Linux ~~kernel information~~. See Linux kernel /proc documentations for further details. ~~Common~~ /proc ~~examples~~:		/proc file system memberikan informasi secara detail tentang berbagai peralatan hardware dan informasi kernel Linux. [[See Linux kernel /proc documentations for further details]]. Contoh /proc yang umum:

	# cat /proc/cpuinfo		# cat /proc/cpuinfo
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	# cat /proc/mounts		# cat /proc/mounts

	==17#: Nagios - Server ~~And~~ Network Monitoring==		==17#: Nagios - Server dan Network Monitoring==

	Nagios ~~is a popular~~ open source computer system and network monitoring application software. You can easily monitor all your hosts, network equipment and services. It can send alert when things go wrong and again when they get better. FAN is "Fully Automated Nagios". FAN goals are to provide a Nagios installation including most tools provided by the Nagios Community. FAN provides a CDRom image in the standard ISO format, making it easy to easilly install a Nagios server. Added to this, a wide bunch of tools are including to the distribution, in order to improve the user experience around Nagios.		Nagios adalah aplikasi monitoring open source computer system and network monitoring application software. You can easily monitor all your hosts, network equipment and services. It can send alert when things go wrong and again when they get better. FAN is "Fully Automated Nagios". FAN goals are to provide a Nagios installation including most tools provided by the Nagios Community. FAN provides a CDRom image in the standard ISO format, making it easy to easilly install a Nagios server. Added to this, a wide bunch of tools are including to the distribution, in order to improve the user experience around Nagios.

	==18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool==		==18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool==

Onnowpurbo at 00:22, 27 January 2011

2011-01-27T00:22:47Z

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	Sumber: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html		'''Sumber: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html'''

	Anda butuh untuk memonitor performance [[Server]] [[Linux]]? Coba perintah berikut. Kebanyakan distribusi [[Linux]] akan di lengkapi dengan banyak monitoring tools. Tool ini akan mengukur aktifitas system. Dengan tool ini kita dapat mengetahui penyebab masalah yang terjadi. Perintah dasar yang di jelaskan berikut ini menjadi bermanfaat terutama untuk analisa dan debugging server untuk masalah,		Anda butuh untuk memonitor performance [[Server]] [[Linux]]? Coba perintah berikut. Kebanyakan distribusi [[Linux]] akan di lengkapi dengan banyak monitoring tools. Tool ini akan mengukur aktifitas system. Dengan tool ini kita dapat mengetahui penyebab masalah yang terjadi. Perintah dasar yang di jelaskan berikut ini menjadi bermanfaat terutama untuk analisa dan debugging server untuk masalah,
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	Fig.03 Network traffic statistics by TCP connection		Fig.03 Network traffic statistics by TCP connection

	==#14: tcpdump - ~~Detailed Network~~ Traffic ~~Analysis~~==		==#14: tcpdump - Analisa Traffic Jaringan Dengan Detail==

	~~The~~ tcpdump ~~is simple command that~~ dump traffic ~~on a network~~. ~~However, you need good understanding of~~ TCP/IP ~~protocol to utilize this~~ tool. ~~For.e.g to display~~ traffic ~~info about~~ DNS, ~~enter~~:		tcpdump adalah perintah sederhana untuk men-dump traffic di jaringan. Kita membutuhkan pengetahuan / pengertian yang baik tentang protocol TCP/IP untuk dapat memanfaatkan tool ini. Contoh, untuk menampilkan informasi traffic tentang DNS, tulis:

	# tcpdump -i eth1 'udp port 53'		# tcpdump -i eth1 'udp port 53'

	~~To display all~~ IPv4 HTTP ~~packets to and from~~ port 80, ~~i.e. print only packets that contain~~ data, ~~not, for example, SYN and~~ FIN ~~packets and~~ ACK~~-only packets~~, ~~enter~~:		Untuk menampilkan semua paket IPv4 HTTP ke dan dari port 80, menampilkan hanya paket yang berisi data dan tidak paket SYN, FIN dan paket yang hanya ACK, tulis:

	# tcpdump 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'		# tcpdump 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'

	~~To display all~~ FTP ~~session to~~ 202.54.1.5, ~~enter~~:		Untuk menampilkan semua sesi FTP ke 202.54.1.5, tulis:

	# tcpdump -i eth1 'dst 202.54.1.5 and (port 21 or 20'		# tcpdump -i eth1 'dst 202.54.1.5 and (port 21 or 20'

	~~To display all~~ HTTP ~~session to~~ 192.168.1.5:		Untuk menampilkan sesi HTTP ke 192.168.1.5:

	# tcpdump -ni eth0 'dst 192.168.1.5 and tcp and port http'		# tcpdump -ni eth0 'dst 192.168.1.5 and tcp and port http'
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	# tcpdump -n -i eth1 -s 0 -w output.txt src or dst port 80		# tcpdump -n -i eth1 -s 0 -w output.txt src or dst port 80

	==#15: strace - System ~~Calls~~==		==#15: strace - Melihat System Call==

	Trace system calls and signals. This is useful for debugging webserver and other server problems. See how to use to trace the process and see What it is doing.		Trace system calls and signals. This is useful for debugging webserver and other server problems. See how to use to trace the process and see What it is doing.

Onnowpurbo at 00:08, 27 January 2011

2011-01-27T00:08:05Z

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	=> Related: How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?		=> Related: [[How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?]]

	==#2: vmstat - Aktivitas Sistem, Informasi Perangkat Keras dan Hardware==		==#2: vmstat - Aktivitas Sistem, Informasi Perangkat Keras dan Hardware==
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	atau		atau
	# pgrep -u vivek php-cgi		# pgrep -u vivek php-cgi

	Menampilkan nama dari PID 55977		Menampilkan nama dari PID 55977

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	Perintah iostat melaporkan statistik Central Processing Unit (CPU) dan statistik input/output dari device, partisi dan network filesystems (NFS).		Perintah iostat melaporkan statistik Central Processing Unit (CPU) dan statistik input/output dari device, partisi dan network filesystems (NFS).

			# apt-get install sysstat
	# iostat		# iostat

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	* shared: 768000K jumlah ruang alamat yang di pakai / di sharing dengan yang lain.		* shared: 768000K jumlah ruang alamat yang di pakai / di sharing dengan yang lain.

	==#11 ~~and~~ #12: netstat ~~and~~ ss - Network ~~Statistics~~==		==#11 dan #12: netstat dan ss - Statistik Network==

	~~The command~~ netstat ~~displays network connections~~, routing ~~tables~~, interface ~~statistics~~, masquerade ~~connections~~, ~~and~~ multicast ~~memberships~~. ss ~~command is used to dump socket statistics~~. ~~It allows showing information similar to~~ netstat. ~~See the following resources about~~ ss ~~and~~ netstat ~~commands~~:		Perintah netstat akan menayangkan sambungan jaringan, tabel routing, statistik interface, sambungan masquerade, dan keanggotaan [[multicast]]. Perintah ss digunakan untuk melihat statistik soket. Dia dapat menayangkan mirip dengan netstat. Lihat tulisan berikut tentang perintah ss dan netstat:

	* ss: Display Linux TCP / UDP Network and Socket Information		* [[ss: Display Linux TCP / UDP Network and Socket Information]]
	* Get Detailed Information About Particular IP address Connections Using netstat Command		* [[Get Detailed Information About Particular IP address Connections Using netstat Command]]

	==#13: iptraf - ~~Real~~-time ~~Network Statistics~~==		==#13: iptraf - Statistik Network secara real-time==

	~~The~~ iptraf ~~command is interactive colorful~~ IP LAN ~~monitor~~. ~~It is an ncurses-based~~ IP LAN monitor ~~that generates various~~ network ~~statistics including~~ TCP ~~info~~, UDP ~~counts~~, ICMP ~~and~~ OSPF ~~information~~, Ethernet ~~load info~~, node ~~stats~~, IP checksum ~~errors~~, ~~and others~~. ~~It can provide the following info in easy to read~~ format:		Perintah iptraf adalah IP LAN Monitor yang berwarna. Dia sebetulnya IP LAN monitor berbasis ncurses yang menghasilkan berbagai statistik network termasuk info TCP, statistik UDP, info ICMP dan OSPF, info beban Ethernet, node statistik, IP checksum error, dan masih banyak lagi. Dia memberikan berbagai informasi dalam format yang mudah di mengerti:

	* Network traffic statistics by TCP connection		* Network traffic statistics by TCP connection

Onnowpurbo: /* #10: pmap - Pemakaian Memori pada Proses */

2011-01-26T23:59:55Z

#10: pmap - Pemakaian Memori pada Proses

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	# pmap -d PID		# pmap -d PID

	Untuk menampilkan informasi memory proses dari pid # 47394, masukkan~~:To display process memory information for pid # 47394, enter~~:		Untuk menampilkan informasi memory proses dari pid # 47394, masukkan:

	# pmap -d 47394		# pmap -d 47394

	~~Sample Outputs~~:		Contoh keluaran:

	47394: /usr/bin/php-cgi		47394: /usr/bin/php-cgi
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	Baris terakhir sangat penting:		Baris terakhir sangat penting:

	* mapped: 933712K total ~~amount of~~ memory ~~mapped to files~~		* mapped: 933712K total memory yang dipetakan ke file
	* writeable/private: 4304K ~~the amount of~~ private ~~address space~~		* writeable/private: 4304K jumlah ruang alamat private
	* shared: 768000K ~~the amount of address space this process is~~ sharing ~~with others~~		* shared: 768000K jumlah ruang alamat yang di pakai / di sharing dengan yang lain.


	==#11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics==		==#11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics==

Adinugroho at 03:48, 12 January 2011

2011-01-12T03:48:03Z

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	Swap: 1052248 0 1052248		Swap: 1052248 0 1052248

	==#7: iostat - Rata-rata load CPU dan ~~Aktifitas~~ Disk==		==#7: iostat - Rata-rata load CPU dan Aktivitas Disk==

	Perintah iostat melaporkan statistik Central Processing Unit (CPU) dan statistik input/output dari device, partisi dan network filesystems (NFS).		Perintah iostat melaporkan statistik Central Processing Unit (CPU) dan statistik input/output dari device, partisi dan network filesystems (NFS).
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	sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1615 0		sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1615 0

	==#8: sar - ~~Collect and Report System Activity~~==		==#8: sar - Mengumpulkan dan Melaporkan Aktivitas Sistem==

	~~The~~ sar ~~command is used to collect~~, ~~report, and save system activity information~~. ~~To see network counter, enter~~:		Perintah sar digunakan untuk mengumpulkan, melaporkan dan menyimpan informasi aktivitas sistem. Untuk melihat perhitungan jaringan masukkan:

	# sar -n DEV \| more		# sar -n DEV \| more

	~~To display the network counters from the 24th~~:		Untuk melihat perhitungan jaringan sejak tanggal 24:

	# sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24 \| more		# sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24 \| more

	~~You can also display~~ real time ~~usage using~~ sar:		Anda juga bisa menampilkan penggunaan secara real time dengan sar:

	# sar 4 5		# sar 4 5

	~~Sample Outputs~~:		Contoh Output:

	Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009		Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009

	06:45:12 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle		06:45:12 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
	06:45:16 PM all 2.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 97.78		06:45:16 PM all 2.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 97.78
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	Average: all 2.02 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.00 97.70		Average: all 2.02 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.00 97.70

	~~=> Related: : How to collect Linux system utilization data into a file~~

	~~==#9: mpstat - Multiprocessor Usage==~~

	~~The~~ mpstat ~~command displays activities for each available~~ processor, processor 0 ~~being the first one~~. mpstat -P ALL ~~to display average~~ CPU ~~utilization~~ per processor:		==#9: mpstat - Penggunaaan Multiprocessor==

			Perintah mpstat menampilkan aktivitas dari setiap processor, processor 0 merupakan processor pertama. mpstat -P ALL menampilkan rata-rata utilitas CPU per processor.

	# mpstat -P ALL		# mpstat -P ALL

	~~Sample~~ Output:		Contoh Output:

	Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009		Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009
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	06:48:11 PM 7 3.30 0.11 0.39 0.03 0.01 0.46 0.00 95.69 76.89		06:48:11 PM 7 3.30 0.11 0.39 0.03 0.01 0.46 0.00 95.69 76.89

	~~=> Related: : Linux display each multiple SMP CPU processors utilization individually.~~

	~~==#10: pmap - Process Memory Usage==~~

	~~The command~~ pmap ~~report~~ memory ~~map of a process~~. ~~Use this command to find out causes of~~ memory bottlenecks.		==#10: pmap - Pemakaian Memori pada Proses==

			Perintah pmap menampilkan peta memory dari sebuah proses. Gnakan perintah ini untuk mencari tau penyebab memory bottlenecks.


	# pmap -d PID		# pmap -d PID

	To display process memory information for pid # 47394, enter:		Untuk menampilkan informasi memory proses dari pid # 47394, masukkan:To display process memory information for pid # 47394, enter:

	# pmap -d 47394		# pmap -d 47394
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	mapped: 933712K writeable/private: 4304K shared: 768000K		mapped: 933712K writeable/private: 4304K shared: 768000K

	~~The last line is very important~~:		Baris terakhir sangat penting:

	* mapped: 933712K total amount of memory mapped to files		* mapped: 933712K total amount of memory mapped to files
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	* shared: 768000K the amount of address space this process is sharing with others		* shared: 768000K the amount of address space this process is sharing with others

	~~=> Related: : Linux find the memory used by a program / process using pmap command~~

	==#11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics==		==#11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics==

Adinugroho: /* #7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity */

2011-01-12T02:54:28Z

#7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity

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	==#7: iostat - ~~Average~~ CPU ~~Load,~~ Disk ~~Activity~~==		==#7: iostat - Rata-rata load CPU dan Aktifitas Disk==

	~~The command~~ iostat ~~report~~ Central Processing Unit (CPU) ~~statistics and~~ input/output ~~statistics for devices~~, ~~partitions and~~ network filesystems (NFS).		Perintah iostat melaporkan statistik Central Processing Unit (CPU) dan statistik input/output dari device, partisi dan network filesystems (NFS).

	# iostat		# iostat

	~~Sample Outputs~~:		Contoh Output:

	Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009		Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009
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	sda2 22.04 31.87 512.03 16189010 260102688		sda2 22.04 31.87 512.03 16189010 260102688
	sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1615 0		sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1615 0

	~~=> Related: : Linux Track NFS Directory / Disk I/O Stats~~

	==#8: sar - Collect and Report System Activity==		==#8: sar - Collect and Report System Activity==

Adinugroho: /* #6: free - Memory Usage */

2011-01-12T02:50:47Z

#6: free - Memory Usage

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	# ps -auxf \| sort -nr -k 3 \| head -10		# ps -auxf \| sort -nr -k 3 \| head -10

	==#6: free - Memory ~~Usage~~==		==#6: free - Pemakaian Memory==

	~~The command~~ free ~~displays the~~ total ~~amount of free and used~~ physical ~~and~~ swap memory ~~in the system, as well as the buffers used by the~~ kernel.		Perintah free menampilkan jumlah total dari physical dan swap memory yang dipakai dan tidak dipakai di dalam sistem serta buffer yang digunakan oleh kernel.

	# free		# free

	~~Sample~~ Output:		Contoh Output:

	total used free shared buffers cached		total used free shared buffers cached
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	-/+ buffers/cache: 4061800 8241096		-/+ buffers/cache: 4061800 8241096
	Swap: 1052248 0 1052248		Swap: 1052248 0 1052248

	~~=> Related: :~~

	~~1. Linux Find Out Virtual Memory PAGESIZE~~
	~~2. Linux Limit CPU Usage Per Process~~
	~~3. How much RAM does my Ubuntu / Fedora Linux desktop PC have?~~

	==#7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity==		==#7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity==

Onnowpurbo at 01:19, 10 January 2011

2011-01-10T01:19:15Z

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	Hot Key Penggunaan		Hot Key Penggunaan
	t ~~Displays summary information~~ off ~~and~~ on.		t Tampilkan rangkuman informasi off dan on
	m ~~Displays~~ memory ~~information~~ off ~~and~~ on.		m Tampilkan informasi memory off dan on.
	A ~~Sorts the display by top consumers of various system resources. Useful for quick identification of performance-hungry tasks on a~~ system.		A Urutkan tampilan berdasarkan pengguna paling besar dari sumber daya system.
	f ~~Enters an interactive configuration screen for top. Helpful for setting up~~ top ~~for a specific task~~.		f Masuk ke konfigurasi interaktif layar untuk top.
	o ~~Enables you to interactively select the ordering within~~ top.		o Memungkinkan kita untuk secara interaktif memilih urutan didalam top
	r ~~Issues~~ renice ~~command~~.		r Mengeluarkan perintah renice.
	k ~~Issues~~ kill ~~command~~.		k Mengeluarkan perintah kill / bunuh sebuah proses.
	z ~~Turn on or off~~ color/mono		z Menyalakan / mematikan color / mono.

Adinugroho: /* #5: ps - Displays The Processes */

2011-01-09T13:30:21Z

#5: ps - Displays The Processes

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	1 dapat dianggap sebagai nilai beban optimal. Beban dapat berubah dari sistem ke sistem. Untuk sistem CPU tunggal 1 - 3 dan sistem SMP 6-10 nilai beban mungkin dapat diterima.		1 dapat dianggap sebagai nilai beban optimal. Beban dapat berubah dari sistem ke sistem. Untuk sistem CPU tunggal 1 - 3 dan sistem SMP 6-10 nilai beban mungkin dapat diterima.

	==#5: ps - ~~Displays The Processes~~==		==#5: ps - Menampilkan Proses==

	ps ~~command will report a~~ snapshot ~~of the current processes~~. ~~To select all processes use the~~ -A or -e ~~option:~~		Perintah ps akan melaporkan snapshot dari proses saat ini. Untuk memilih semua proses gunakan option -A atau -e.

	# ps -A		# ps -A

	~~Sample Outputs~~:		Contoh Output:

	PID TTY TIME CMD		PID TTY TIME CMD
Line 129:		Line 129:
	55704 pts/1 00:00:00 ps		55704 pts/1 00:00:00 ps

	ps ~~is just like~~ top ~~but provides more information~~.		ps seperti top tetapi memberikan lebih banyak informasi.
	~~Show Long Format Output~~
			Melihat output dalam format panjang

	# ps -Al		# ps -Al

	~~To turn on~~ extra full ~~mode~~ (~~it will show command line arguments passed to process~~):		Menghidupkan mode extra full (memperlihatkan argumen baris perintah pada proses):

	# ps -AlF		# ps -AlF

	~~To See Threads~~ ( LWP ~~and~~ NLWP)		Melihat thread ( LWP dan NLWP)

	# ps -AlFH		# ps -AlFH

	~~To See Threads After Processes~~		Melihat thread setelah proses

	# ps -AlLm		# ps -AlLm

	~~Print All Process On The Server~~		Menampilkan semua proses pada server

	# ps ax		# ps ax
	# ps axu		# ps axu

	~~Print A Process Tree~~		Menampilkan pohon proses

	# ps -ejH		# ps -ejH
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	# pstree		# pstree

	~~Print Security Information~~		Menampilkan informasi keamanan

	# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label		# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
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	# ps -eM		# ps -eM

	~~See Every Process Running As User Vivek~~		Melihat setiap proses yang berjalan sebagai user onno

	# ps -U ~~vivek~~ -u ~~vivek~~ u		# ps -U onno -u onno u

	Set ~~Output In a User-Defined Format~~		Set output sesuai dengan yang kita inginkan

	# ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm		# ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
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	# ps -eopid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan		# ps -eopid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan

	~~Display Only The Process IDs of~~ Lighttpd		Hanya menampilkan ID proses dari Lighttpd

	# ps -C lighttpd -o pid=		# ps -C lighttpd -o pid=
	OR		atau
	# pgrep lighttpd		# pgrep lighttpd
	OR		atau
	# pgrep -u vivek php-cgi		# pgrep -u vivek php-cgi
	~~Display The Name of~~ PID 55977		Menampilkan nama dari PID 55977

	# ps -p 55977 -o comm=		# ps -p 55977 -o comm=

	~~Find Out The Top~~ 10 ~~Memory Consuming Process~~		Mencari tahu 10 proses yang memakan memori paling banyak

	# ps -auxf \| sort -nr -k 4 \| head -10		# ps -auxf \| sort -nr -k 4 \| head -10

	~~Find Out top~~ 10 CPU ~~Consuming Process~~		Mencari tahu 10 proses yang memakan CPU paling banyak

	# ps -auxf \| sort -nr -k 3 \| head -10		# ps -auxf \| sort -nr -k 3 \| head -10