ANDROID: Arsitektur - Revision history

Unknown user at 23:07, 8 June 2022

2022-06-08T23:07:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:07, 8 June 2022
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	Di bagian bawah lapisan adalah Linux versi terbaru, misalnya, Linux 3.6 dengan sekitar 115 patch. Ini memberikan tingkat abstraksi antara perangkat keras perangkat dan berisi semua driver perangkat keras penting seperti kamera, keypad, layar, dll. Selain itu, kernel menangani semua hal yang benar-benar baik di Linux seperti jaringan dan beragam driver perangkat, yang menghilangkan kesulitan dalam interfacing ke perangkat keras periferal.		Di bagian bawah lapisan adalah Linux versi terbaru, misalnya, Linux 3.6 dengan sekitar 115 patch. Ini memberikan tingkat abstraksi antara perangkat keras perangkat dan berisi semua driver perangkat keras penting seperti kamera, keypad, layar, dll. Selain itu, kernel menangani semua hal yang benar-benar baik di Linux seperti jaringan dan beragam driver perangkat, yang menghilangkan kesulitan dalam interfacing ke perangkat keras periferal.


	==Library==		==Library==
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	==Android ~~Libraries~~==		==Library Android==

	This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user interface building, graphics drawing and database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is as follows −

	Kategori ini mencakup ~~pustaka berbasis~~ Java yang khusus untuk pengembangan Android. Contoh pustaka dalam kategori ini termasuk ~~pustaka kerangka kerja aplikasi~~ selain yang memfasilitasi pembuatan ~~antarmuka pengguna~~, gambar grafik, dan akses basis data. Ringkasan beberapa pustaka inti Android yang tersedia untuk pengembang Android adalah sebagai berikut		Kategori ini mencakup Java-based library yang khusus untuk pengembangan Android. Contoh pustaka dalam kategori ini termasuk application framework library selain yang memfasilitasi pembuatan user interface, gambar grafik, dan akses basis data. Ringkasan beberapa pustaka inti Android yang tersedia untuk pengembang Android adalah sebagai berikut


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	* '''android.webkit''' − A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into applications.		* '''android.webkit''' − A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into applications.

	~~Having covered the~~ Java-based core ~~libraries in the~~ Android runtime~~, it is now time to turn our attention to the C/C++ based libraries contained in this layer of the Android software stack.~~		Setelah membahas Java-based core library di Android runtime, sekarang saatnya untuk mengalihkan perhatian kita ke pustaka berbasis C/C++ yang terdapat dalam Android software stack.

	~~Setelah membahas pustaka inti berbasis Java di waktu proses Android~~, sekarang saatnya untuk mengalihkan perhatian kita ke pustaka berbasis C/C++ yang terdapat dalam ~~lapisan tumpukan perangkat lunak~~ Android ~~ini~~.


	==Android Runtime==		==Android Runtime==

	This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android.

	The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.

	~~The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.~~


	Ini adalah bagian ketiga dari arsitektur dan tersedia di lapisan kedua dari bawah. Bagian ini menyediakan komponen kunci yang disebut Dalvik Virtual Machine yang merupakan sejenis Java Virtual Machine yang dirancang dan dioptimalkan khusus untuk Android.		Ini adalah bagian ketiga dari arsitektur dan tersedia di lapisan kedua dari bawah. Bagian ini menyediakan komponen kunci yang disebut Dalvik Virtual Machine yang merupakan sejenis Java Virtual Machine yang dirancang dan dioptimalkan khusus untuk Android.

	Dalvik VM menggunakan fitur inti Linux seperti manajemen memori dan multi-threading, yang merupakan bagian dari bahasa Java. Dalvik VM memungkinkan setiap aplikasi Android berjalan dalam prosesnya sendiri, dengan ~~mesin~~ virtual ~~Dalviknya~~ sendiri.		Dalvik VM menggunakan fitur inti Linux seperti manajemen memori dan multi-threading, yang merupakan bagian dari bahasa Java. Dalvik VM memungkinkan setiap aplikasi Android berjalan dalam prosesnya sendiri, dengan Dalvik virtual machine-nya sendiri.

	~~Waktu proses Android juga menyediakan satu set pustaka inti yang memungkinkan pengembang aplikasi Android untuk menulis aplikasi Android menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java standar.~~



			Android runtime juga menyediakan satu set core library yang memungkinkan pengembang aplikasi Android untuk menulis aplikasi Android menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java standar.

	==Application Framework==		==Application Framework==

	~~The~~ Application Framework ~~layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of~~ Java ~~classes~~. ~~Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications~~.		Lapisan Application Framework menyediakan banyak layanan tingkat tinggi untuk aplikasi dalam bentuk class Java. Pengembang aplikasi diizinkan untuk menggunakan service ini dalam aplikasi mereka.

	~~The~~ Android framework ~~includes the following key services −~~		Android framework mencakup service utama berikut

	~~Lapisan Kerangka Aplikasi menyediakan banyak layanan tingkat tinggi untuk aplikasi dalam bentuk kelas Java. Pengembang aplikasi diizinkan untuk menggunakan layanan ini dalam aplikasi mereka.~~

	~~Kerangka kerja Android~~ mencakup ~~layanan~~ utama berikut


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	* '''View System''' − An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.		* '''View System''' − An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.

	==~~Applications~~==		==Application==

	~~You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.~~


	Anda akan menemukan semua aplikasi Android di lapisan atas. Anda akan menulis aplikasi Anda untuk diinstal pada lapisan ini saja. Contoh aplikasi tersebut adalah ~~Buku Kontak~~, Browser, Game, dll.		Anda akan menemukan semua aplikasi Android di lapisan atas. Anda akan menulis aplikasi Anda untuk diinstal pada lapisan ini saja. Contoh aplikasi tersebut adalah Contacts Book, Browser, Game dll.

Unknown user at 22:45, 8 June 2022

2022-06-08T22:45:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:45, 8 June 2022
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	~~Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.~~

	Sistem operasi Android adalah tumpukan komponen perangkat lunak yang secara kasar dibagi menjadi lima bagian dan empat lapisan utama seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini dalam diagram arsitektur.		Sistem operasi Android adalah tumpukan komponen perangkat lunak yang secara kasar dibagi menjadi lima bagian dan empat lapisan utama seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini dalam diagram arsitektur.


	[[File:Architecture.jpg\|center\|400px\|thumb\|Android Architecture]]		[[File:Architecture.jpg\|center\|400px\|thumb\|Android Architecture]]
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	==Linux kernel==		==Linux kernel==

	At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.		Di bagian bawah lapisan adalah Linux versi terbaru, misalnya, Linux 3.6 dengan sekitar 115 patch. Ini memberikan tingkat abstraksi antara perangkat keras perangkat dan berisi semua driver perangkat keras penting seperti kamera, keypad, layar, dll. Selain itu, kernel menangani semua hal yang benar-benar baik di Linux seperti jaringan dan beragam driver perangkat, yang menghilangkan kesulitan dalam interfacing ke perangkat keras periferal.

	Di bagian bawah lapisan adalah Linux - Linux 3.6 dengan sekitar 115 patch. Ini memberikan tingkat abstraksi antara perangkat keras perangkat dan berisi semua driver perangkat keras penting seperti kamera, keypad, layar, dll. Selain itu, kernel menangani semua hal yang benar-benar baik di Linux seperti jaringan dan beragam driver perangkat , yang menghilangkan ~~rasa sakit dari antarmuka~~ ke perangkat keras periferal.


	~~==Libraries==~~

	On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.		==Library==

	Di atas kernel Linux ada satu set ~~perpustakaan~~ termasuk ~~mesin~~ browser Web ~~sumber terbuka~~ WebKit, libc ~~perpustakaan~~ terkenal, database SQLite yang merupakan repositori yang berguna untuk penyimpanan dan berbagi data aplikasi, ~~perpustakaan~~ untuk memutar dan merekam audio dan video, SSL ~~perpustakaan~~ yang bertanggung jawab atas keamanan Internet, dll.		Di atas kernel Linux ada satu set library termasuk open-source engine browser Web WebKit, library libc yang terkenal, database SQLite yang merupakan repositori yang berguna untuk penyimpanan dan berbagi data aplikasi, library untuk memutar dan merekam audio dan video, library SSL yang bertanggung jawab atas keamanan Internet, dll.

Unknown user at 03:40, 8 June 2022

2022-06-08T03:40:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:40, 8 June 2022
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	Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.		Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.

			Sistem operasi Android adalah tumpukan komponen perangkat lunak yang secara kasar dibagi menjadi lima bagian dan empat lapisan utama seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini dalam diagram arsitektur.


	[[File:Architecture.jpg\|center\|400px\|thumb\|Android Architecture]]		[[File:Architecture.jpg\|center\|400px\|thumb\|Android Architecture]]
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	At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.		At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.

			Di bagian bawah lapisan adalah Linux - Linux 3.6 dengan sekitar 115 patch. Ini memberikan tingkat abstraksi antara perangkat keras perangkat dan berisi semua driver perangkat keras penting seperti kamera, keypad, layar, dll. Selain itu, kernel menangani semua hal yang benar-benar baik di Linux seperti jaringan dan beragam driver perangkat , yang menghilangkan rasa sakit dari antarmuka ke perangkat keras periferal.


	==Libraries==		==Libraries==

	On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.		On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.

			Di atas kernel Linux ada satu set perpustakaan termasuk mesin browser Web sumber terbuka WebKit, libc perpustakaan terkenal, database SQLite yang merupakan repositori yang berguna untuk penyimpanan dan berbagi data aplikasi, perpustakaan untuk memutar dan merekam audio dan video, SSL perpustakaan yang bertanggung jawab atas keamanan Internet, dll.


	==Android Libraries==		==Android Libraries==

	This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user interface building, graphics drawing and database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is as follows −		This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user interface building, graphics drawing and database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is as follows −

			Kategori ini mencakup pustaka berbasis Java yang khusus untuk pengembangan Android. Contoh pustaka dalam kategori ini termasuk pustaka kerangka kerja aplikasi selain yang memfasilitasi pembuatan antarmuka pengguna, gambar grafik, dan akses basis data. Ringkasan beberapa pustaka inti Android yang tersedia untuk pengembang Android adalah sebagai berikut


	* '''android.app''' − Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications.		* '''android.app''' − Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications.
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	Having covered the Java-based core libraries in the Android runtime, it is now time to turn our attention to the C/C++ based libraries contained in this layer of the Android software stack.		Having covered the Java-based core libraries in the Android runtime, it is now time to turn our attention to the C/C++ based libraries contained in this layer of the Android software stack.

			Setelah membahas pustaka inti berbasis Java di waktu proses Android, sekarang saatnya untuk mengalihkan perhatian kita ke pustaka berbasis C/C++ yang terdapat dalam lapisan tumpukan perangkat lunak Android ini.


	==Android Runtime==		==Android Runtime==
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	The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.		The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.


			Ini adalah bagian ketiga dari arsitektur dan tersedia di lapisan kedua dari bawah. Bagian ini menyediakan komponen kunci yang disebut Dalvik Virtual Machine yang merupakan sejenis Java Virtual Machine yang dirancang dan dioptimalkan khusus untuk Android.

			Dalvik VM menggunakan fitur inti Linux seperti manajemen memori dan multi-threading, yang merupakan bagian dari bahasa Java. Dalvik VM memungkinkan setiap aplikasi Android berjalan dalam prosesnya sendiri, dengan mesin virtual Dalviknya sendiri.

			Waktu proses Android juga menyediakan satu set pustaka inti yang memungkinkan pengembang aplikasi Android untuk menulis aplikasi Android menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java standar.




	==Application Framework==		==Application Framework==
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	The Android framework includes the following key services −		The Android framework includes the following key services −

			Lapisan Kerangka Aplikasi menyediakan banyak layanan tingkat tinggi untuk aplikasi dalam bentuk kelas Java. Pengembang aplikasi diizinkan untuk menggunakan layanan ini dalam aplikasi mereka.

			Kerangka kerja Android mencakup layanan utama berikut


	* '''Activity Manager''' − Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.		* '''Activity Manager''' − Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
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	You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.		You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.


			Anda akan menemukan semua aplikasi Android di lapisan atas. Anda akan menulis aplikasi Anda untuk diinstal pada lapisan ini saja. Contoh aplikasi tersebut adalah Buku Kontak, Browser, Game, dll.

Unknown user at 04:33, 23 May 2022

2022-05-23T04:33:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:33, 23 May 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.		Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.

	Android Architecture		[[File:Architecture.jpg\|center\|400px\|thumb\|Android Architecture]]
	~~Linux kernel~~
	At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.

	~~Libraries~~		==Linux kernel==
	~~On top of~~ Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.

	~~Android Libraries~~		At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.
	~~This category encompasses those Java~~-~~based libraries that are specific to Android development~~. ~~Examples~~ of ~~libraries in this category include~~ the ~~application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user interface building~~, ~~graphics drawing and database access~~. ~~A summary of some key core Android libraries available to~~ the ~~Android developer~~ is as ~~follows −~~

	~~android.app − Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications.~~		==Libraries==

	~~android.content − Facilitates content access~~, ~~publishing~~ and ~~messaging between applications~~ and ~~application components~~.		On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.

	~~android.database − Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes.~~		==Android Libraries==

	~~android.opengl − A~~ Java ~~interface~~ to the ~~OpenGL ES 3D~~ graphics ~~rendering API~~.		This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user interface building, graphics drawing and database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is as follows −

	android.os − Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication.		* '''android.app''' − Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications.
			* '''android.content''' − Facilitates content access, publishing and messaging between applications and application components.
			* '''android.database''' − Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes.
			* '''android.opengl''' − A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API.
			* '''android.os''' − Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication.
			* '''android.text''' − Used to render and manipulate text on a device display.
			* '''android.view''' − The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces.
			* '''android.widget''' − A rich collection of pre-built user interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc.
			* '''android.webkit''' − A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into applications.

	~~android.text − Used~~ to ~~render and manipulate text on a device display~~.		Having covered the Java-based core libraries in the Android runtime, it is now time to turn our attention to the C/C++ based libraries contained in this layer of the Android software stack.

	~~android.view − The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces.~~		==Android Runtime==

	~~android.widget − A rich collection of pre-built user interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc.~~

	~~android.webkit − A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into applications.~~

	~~Having covered the Java-based core libraries in the Android runtime, it is now time to turn our attention to the C/C++ based libraries contained in this layer of the Android software stack.~~

	~~Android Runtime~~
	This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android.		This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android.

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	The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.		The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.

	Application Framework		==Application Framework==

	The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications.		The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications.

	The Android framework includes the following key services −		The Android framework includes the following key services −

	Activity Manager − Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.		* '''Activity Manager''' − Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
			* '''Content Providers''' − Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications.
	Content Providers − Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications.		* '''Resource Manager''' − Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts.
			* '''Notifications Manager''' − Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user.
	Resource Manager − Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts.		* '''View System''' − An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.

	Notifications Manager − Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user.

	~~View System − An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.~~		==Applications==

	~~Applications~~
	You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.		You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.

Unknown user: Created page with "Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram. Androi..."

2022-05-15T09:37:48Z

Created page with "Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram. Androi..."

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Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.

Android Architecture
Linux kernel
At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.

Libraries
On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.

Android Libraries
This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user interface building, graphics drawing and database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is as follows −

android.app − Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications.

android.content − Facilitates content access, publishing and messaging between applications and application components.

android.database − Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes.

android.opengl − A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API.

android.os − Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication.

android.text − Used to render and manipulate text on a device display.

android.view − The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces.

android.widget − A rich collection of pre-built user interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc.

android.webkit − A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into applications.

Having covered the Java-based core libraries in the Android runtime, it is now time to turn our attention to the C/C++ based libraries contained in this layer of the Android software stack.

Android Runtime
This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android.

The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.

The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.

Application Framework
The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications.

The Android framework includes the following key services −

Activity Manager − Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.

Content Providers − Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications.

Resource Manager − Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts.

Notifications Manager − Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user.

View System − An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.

Applications
You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.

==Referensi==

* https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_architecture.htm