Arsitektur 5G: Komponen Utama - Revision history

Unknown user at 03:55, 26 October 2022

2022-10-26T03:55:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:55, 26 October 2022
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	Meskipun 3GPP menetapkan semua elemen yang mengimplementasikan RAN dan Mobile Core dalam standar terbuka—termasuk sub-layer yang belum diperkenalkan—operator jaringan secara historis membeli implementasi kepemilikan setiap subsistem dari satu vendor. Kurangnya implementasi open source ini berkontribusi pada "kekaburan" yang dirasakan dari jaringan seluler pada umumnya, dan RAN pada khususnya. Dan meskipun benar bahwa implementasi eNodeB memang mengandung algoritma yang canggih untuk menjadwalkan transmisi pada spektrum radio—algoritma yang dianggap sebagai kekayaan intelektual berharga dari vendor peralatan—ada peluang signifikan untuk membuka dan memisahkan RAN dan Mobile Core. Dua bagian berikut menjelaskan masing-masing, secara bergantian.		Meskipun 3GPP menetapkan semua elemen yang mengimplementasikan RAN dan Mobile Core dalam standar terbuka—termasuk sub-layer yang belum diperkenalkan—operator jaringan secara historis membeli implementasi kepemilikan setiap subsistem dari satu vendor. Kurangnya implementasi open source ini berkontribusi pada "kekaburan" yang dirasakan dari jaringan seluler pada umumnya, dan RAN pada khususnya. Dan meskipun benar bahwa implementasi eNodeB memang mengandung algoritma yang canggih untuk menjadwalkan transmisi pada spektrum radio—algoritma yang dianggap sebagai kekayaan intelektual berharga dari vendor peralatan—ada peluang signifikan untuk membuka dan memisahkan RAN dan Mobile Core. Dua bagian berikut menjelaskan masing-masing, secara bergantian.



	Before getting to those details, Figure 7 redraws components from Figure 6 to highlight two important distinctions. The first is that a base station has an analog component (depicted by an antenna) and a digital component (depicted by a processor pair). The second is that the Mobile Core is partitioned into a Control Plane and User Plane, which is similar to the control/data plane split that someone familiar with the Internet would recognize. (3GPP also recently introduced a corresponding acronym—CUPS, Control and User Plane Separation—to denote this idea.) The importance of these two distinctions will become clear in the following discussion.

	Sebelum sampai ke rincian tersebut, Gambar 7 menggambar ulang komponen dari Gambar 6 untuk menyoroti dua perbedaan penting, yaitu:		Sebelum sampai ke rincian tersebut, Gambar 7 menggambar ulang komponen dari Gambar 6 untuk menyoroti dua perbedaan penting, yaitu:

Unknown user at 03:55, 26 October 2022

2022-10-26T03:55:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:55, 26 October 2022
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	~~The cellular network provides wireless connectivity to devices that are on the move~~. ~~These devices~~, ~~which are known as~~ User Equipment (UE), ~~have traditionally corresponded to smartphones and tablets~~, ~~but will increasingly include cars~~, ~~drones~~, ~~industrial and agricultural machines~~, ~~robots~~, ~~home appliances~~, ~~medical devices~~, ~~and so on~~.		Jaringan seluler menyediakan konektivitas nirkabel ke perangkat yang sedang bergerak. Perangkat ini, yang dikenal sebagai User Equipment (UE), secara tradisional berhubungan dengan smartphone dan tablet, tetapi akan semakin banyak mencakup mobil, drone, mesin industri dan pertanian, robot, peralatan rumah tangga, perangkat medis, dan sebagainya.

	[[File:Slide01.png\|center\|300px\|thumb\|Gambar 6. Cellular networks consists of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and a Mobile Core.]]		[[File:Slide01.png\|center\|300px\|thumb\|Gambar 6. Cellular networks consists of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and a Mobile Core.]]

	~~As shown in Figure~~ 6, ~~the cellular network consists of two main subsystems~~: ~~the~~ Radio Access Network (RAN) ~~and the~~ Mobile Core. ~~The~~ RAN ~~manages the~~ radio ~~spectrum~~, ~~making sure it is used efficiently and meets the quality-of-service requirements of every user~~. ~~It corresponds to a distributed collection of base stations~~. ~~As noted above~~, in 4G ~~these are (somewhat cryptically) named~~ eNodeB (or eNB), ~~which is short for~~ evolved Node B. In 5G ~~they are known as~~ gNB. (~~The g stands for “next Generation”~~.)		Seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 6, jaringan seluler terdiri dari dua subsistem utama: Radio Access Network (RAN) dan Mobile Core. RAN mengelola spektrum radio, memastikannya digunakan secara efisien dan memenuhi persyaratan kualitas layanan setiap pengguna. Ini sesuai dengan koleksi BTS yang terdistribusi. Seperti disebutkan di atas, di 4G biasanya ini bernama eNodeB (atau eNB), yang merupakan kependekan dari evolved Node B. Dalam 5G mereka dikenal sebagai gNB. (G adalah singkatan dari "next Generation".)

	~~The~~ Mobile Core ~~is a bundle of functionality~~ (~~as opposed to a~~ device) ~~that serves several purposes~~.		Mobile Core adalah sekumpulan fungsionalitas (berlawanan dengan perangkat / device user) yang melayani beberapa tujuan.

	* ~~Provides~~ Internet (IP) ~~connectivity for both~~ data ~~and voice services~~.		* Menyediakan konektivitas Internet (IP) untuk layanan data dan suara.
	* ~~Ensures this connectivity fulfills the promised~~ QoS ~~requirements~~.		* Memastikan konektivitas ini memenuhi persyaratan QoS yang dijanjikan.
	* ~~Tracks user mobility to ensure uninterrupted service~~.		* Melacak mobilitas pengguna untuk memastikan layanan tidak terganggu.
	* ~~Tracks subscriber usage for~~ billing ~~and charging~~.		* Melacak penggunaan pelanggan untuk billing dan penagihan.

	~~Note that~~ Mobile Core ~~is another example of a generic term~~. In 4G ~~this is called the~~ Evolved Packet Core (EPC) ~~and in~~ 5G ~~it is called the~~ Next Generation Core (NG-Core).		Perhatikan bahwa Mobile Core adalah contoh lain dari istilah umum. Di 4G ini disebut Evolved Packet Core (EPC) dan di 5G disebut Next Generation Core (NG-Core).

	~~Even though the word “Core” is in its name~~, ~~from an~~ Internet ~~perspective~~, ~~the~~ Mobile Core ~~is still part of the access network~~, ~~effectively providing a bridge between the~~ RAN ~~in some geographic area and the greater~~ IP~~-based Internet~~. 3GPP ~~provides significant flexibility in how the~~ Mobile Core ~~is geographically deployed~~, ~~but for our purposes~~, ~~assuming each instantiation of the~~ Mobile Core ~~serves a~~ metropolitan ~~area is a good working~~ model. ~~The corresponding~~ RAN ~~would then span several dozens~~ (~~or even hundreds~~) ~~of cell towers~~.		Meskipun kata "Core" ada dalam namanya, dari sudut pandang Internet, Mobile Core masih merupakan bagian dari jaringan akses, yang secara efektif menyediakan jembatan antara RAN di beberapa wilayah geografis dan Internet berbasis IP yang lebih besar. 3GPP memberikan fleksibilitas yang signifikan dalam cara Mobile Core diterapkan secara geografis, tetapi untuk tujuan kita, dengan asumsi setiap instantiasi Mobile Core melayani area metropolitan adalah model kerja yang baik. RAN yang sesuai kemudian akan menjangkau beberapa lusin (atau bahkan ratusan) menara seluler.

			Melihat lebih dekat pada Gambar 6, kita melihat bahwa Jaringan Backhaul menghubungkan BTS yang mengimplementasikan RAN dengan Mobile Core. Jaringan ini biasanya menggunakan kabel, mungkin memiliki atau mungkin tidak memiliki topologi cincin yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar, dan sering dibangun dari komponen komoditas yang ditemukan di di Internet. Misalnya, Passive Optical Network (PON) yang mengimplementasikan Fiber-to-the-Home adalah kandidat utama untuk mengimplementasikan backhaul RAN. Jaringan backhaul jelas merupakan bagian penting dari RAN, tetapi merupakan pilihan implementasi dan tidak ditentukan oleh standar 3GPP.

			Meskipun 3GPP menetapkan semua elemen yang mengimplementasikan RAN dan Mobile Core dalam standar terbuka—termasuk sub-layer yang belum diperkenalkan—operator jaringan secara historis membeli implementasi kepemilikan setiap subsistem dari satu vendor. Kurangnya implementasi open source ini berkontribusi pada "kekaburan" yang dirasakan dari jaringan seluler pada umumnya, dan RAN pada khususnya. Dan meskipun benar bahwa implementasi eNodeB memang mengandung algoritma yang canggih untuk menjadwalkan transmisi pada spektrum radio—algoritma yang dianggap sebagai kekayaan intelektual berharga dari vendor peralatan—ada peluang signifikan untuk membuka dan memisahkan RAN dan Mobile Core. Dua bagian berikut menjelaskan masing-masing, secara bergantian.

	Taking a closer look at Figure 6, we see that a Backhaul Network interconnects the base stations that implement the RAN with the Mobile Core. This network is typically wired, may or may not have the ring topology shown in the Figure, and is often constructed from commodity components found elsewhere in the Internet. For example, the Passive Optical Network (PON) that implements Fiber-to-the-Home is a prime candidate for implementing the RAN backhaul. The backhaul network is obviously a necessary part of the RAN, but it is an implementation choice and not prescribed by the 3GPP standard.

	Although 3GPP specifies all the elements that implement the RAN and Mobile Core in an open standard—including sub-layers we have not yet introduced—network operators have historically bought proprietary implementations of each subsystem from a single vendor. This lack of an open source implementation contributes to the perceived “opaqueness” of the cellular network in general, and the RAN in particular. And while it is true that an eNodeB implementation does contain sophisticated algorithms for scheduling transmission on the radio spectrum—algorithms that are considered valuable intellectual property of the equipment vendors—there is significant opportunity to open and disaggregate both the RAN and the Mobile Core. The following two sections describe each, in turn.

	Before getting to those details, Figure 7 redraws components from Figure 6 to highlight two important distinctions. The first is that a base station has an analog component (depicted by an antenna) and a digital component (depicted by a processor pair). The second is that the Mobile Core is partitioned into a Control Plane and User Plane, which is similar to the control/data plane split that someone familiar with the Internet would recognize. (3GPP also recently introduced a corresponding acronym—CUPS, Control and User Plane Separation—to denote this idea.) The importance of these two distinctions will become clear in the following discussion.		Before getting to those details, Figure 7 redraws components from Figure 6 to highlight two important distinctions. The first is that a base station has an analog component (depicted by an antenna) and a digital component (depicted by a processor pair). The second is that the Mobile Core is partitioned into a Control Plane and User Plane, which is similar to the control/data plane split that someone familiar with the Internet would recognize. (3GPP also recently introduced a corresponding acronym—CUPS, Control and User Plane Separation—to denote this idea.) The importance of these two distinctions will become clear in the following discussion.

	~~_images~~/Slide02.png		Sebelum sampai ke rincian tersebut, Gambar 7 menggambar ulang komponen dari Gambar 6 untuk menyoroti dua perbedaan penting, yaitu:
	~~Figure~~ 7. Mobile Core ~~divided into a~~ Control Plan ~~and a~~ User Plane~~, an architectural feature known as~~ CUPS: Control and User Plane ~~Separation~~
			* Pertama, Base Station memiliki komponen analog (digambarkan oleh antena) dan komponen digital (digambarkan oleh pasangan prosesor).
			* Kedua, Mobile Core dipartisi menjadi Control Plane dan User Plane, yang mirip dengan pemisahan bidang kontrol/data yang akan dikenali oleh seseorang yang akrab dengan Internet. 3GPP juga baru-baru ini memperkenalkan akronim yang sesuai—CUPS, Control and User Plane Separation—untuk menunjukkan gagasan ini. Pentingnya kedua perbedaan ini akan menjadi jelas dalam diskusi selanjutnya.


			[[File:Slide02.png\|center\|300px\|thumb\| Gambar 7. Mobile Core dibagi dalam Control Plan dan User Plane]]

			Fitur Arsitektur Control Plan dan User Plane di kenal CUPS: Control and User Plane Separation.

Unknown user at 03:38, 26 October 2022

2022-10-26T03:38:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:38, 26 October 2022
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	The cellular network provides wireless connectivity to devices that are on the move. These devices, which are known as User Equipment (UE), have traditionally corresponded to smartphones and tablets, but will increasingly include cars, drones, industrial and agricultural machines, robots, home appliances, medical devices, and so on.		The cellular network provides wireless connectivity to devices that are on the move. These devices, which are known as User Equipment (UE), have traditionally corresponded to smartphones and tablets, but will increasingly include cars, drones, industrial and agricultural machines, robots, home appliances, medical devices, and so on.

	~~_images/~~Slide01.png		[[File:Slide01.png\|center\|300px\|thumb\|Gambar 6. Cellular networks consists of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and a Mobile Core.]]
	~~Figure~~ 6. Cellular networks consists of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and a Mobile Core.

	As shown in Figure 6, the cellular network consists of two main subsystems: the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Mobile Core. The RAN manages the radio spectrum, making sure it is used efficiently and meets the quality-of-service requirements of every user. It corresponds to a distributed collection of base stations. As noted above, in 4G these are (somewhat cryptically) named eNodeB (or eNB), which is short for evolved Node B. In 5G they are known as gNB. (The g stands for “next Generation”.)		As shown in Figure 6, the cellular network consists of two main subsystems: the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Mobile Core. The RAN manages the radio spectrum, making sure it is used efficiently and meets the quality-of-service requirements of every user. It corresponds to a distributed collection of base stations. As noted above, in 4G these are (somewhat cryptically) named eNodeB (or eNB), which is short for evolved Node B. In 5G they are known as gNB. (The g stands for “next Generation”.)

Unknown user at 03:22, 26 October 2022

2022-10-26T03:22:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:22, 26 October 2022
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	The Mobile Core is a bundle of functionality (as opposed to a device) that serves several purposes.		The Mobile Core is a bundle of functionality (as opposed to a device) that serves several purposes.

	Provides Internet (IP) connectivity for both data and voice services.		* Provides Internet (IP) connectivity for both data and voice services.
			* Ensures this connectivity fulfills the promised QoS requirements.
	Ensures this connectivity fulfills the promised QoS requirements.		* Tracks user mobility to ensure uninterrupted service.
			* Tracks subscriber usage for billing and charging.
	Tracks user mobility to ensure uninterrupted service.

	Tracks subscriber usage for billing and charging.

	Note that Mobile Core is another example of a generic term. In 4G this is called the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and in 5G it is called the Next Generation Core (NG-Core).		Note that Mobile Core is another example of a generic term. In 4G this is called the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and in 5G it is called the Next Generation Core (NG-Core).

Unknown user: Created page with "The cellular network provides wireless connectivity to devices that are on the move. These devices, which are known as User Equipment (UE), have traditionally corresponded to..."

2022-10-26T03:22:09Z

Created page with "The cellular network provides wireless connectivity to devices that are on the move. These devices, which are known as User Equipment (UE), have traditionally corresponded to..."

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The cellular network provides wireless connectivity to devices that are on the move. These devices, which are known as User Equipment (UE), have traditionally corresponded to smartphones and tablets, but will increasingly include cars, drones, industrial and agricultural machines, robots, home appliances, medical devices, and so on.

_images/Slide01.png
Figure 6. Cellular networks consists of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and a Mobile Core.

As shown in Figure 6, the cellular network consists of two main subsystems: the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Mobile Core. The RAN manages the radio spectrum, making sure it is used efficiently and meets the quality-of-service requirements of every user. It corresponds to a distributed collection of base stations. As noted above, in 4G these are (somewhat cryptically) named eNodeB (or eNB), which is short for evolved Node B. In 5G they are known as gNB. (The g stands for “next Generation”.)

The Mobile Core is a bundle of functionality (as opposed to a device) that serves several purposes.

Provides Internet (IP) connectivity for both data and voice services.

Ensures this connectivity fulfills the promised QoS requirements.

Tracks user mobility to ensure uninterrupted service.

Tracks subscriber usage for billing and charging.

Note that Mobile Core is another example of a generic term. In 4G this is called the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and in 5G it is called the Next Generation Core (NG-Core).

Even though the word “Core” is in its name, from an Internet perspective, the Mobile Core is still part of the access network, effectively providing a bridge between the RAN in some geographic area and the greater IP-based Internet. 3GPP provides significant flexibility in how the Mobile Core is geographically deployed, but for our purposes, assuming each instantiation of the Mobile Core serves a metropolitan area is a good working model. The corresponding RAN would then span several dozens (or even hundreds) of cell towers.

Taking a closer look at Figure 6, we see that a Backhaul Network interconnects the base stations that implement the RAN with the Mobile Core. This network is typically wired, may or may not have the ring topology shown in the Figure, and is often constructed from commodity components found elsewhere in the Internet. For example, the Passive Optical Network (PON) that implements Fiber-to-the-Home is a prime candidate for implementing the RAN backhaul. The backhaul network is obviously a necessary part of the RAN, but it is an implementation choice and not prescribed by the 3GPP standard.

Although 3GPP specifies all the elements that implement the RAN and Mobile Core in an open standard—including sub-layers we have not yet introduced—network operators have historically bought proprietary implementations of each subsystem from a single vendor. This lack of an open source implementation contributes to the perceived “opaqueness” of the cellular network in general, and the RAN in particular. And while it is true that an eNodeB implementation does contain sophisticated algorithms for scheduling transmission on the radio spectrum—algorithms that are considered valuable intellectual property of the equipment vendors—there is significant opportunity to open and disaggregate both the RAN and the Mobile Core. The following two sections describe each, in turn.

Before getting to those details, Figure 7 redraws components from Figure 6 to highlight two important distinctions. The first is that a base station has an analog component (depicted by an antenna) and a digital component (depicted by a processor pair). The second is that the Mobile Core is partitioned into a Control Plane and User Plane, which is similar to the control/data plane split that someone familiar with the Internet would recognize. (3GPP also recently introduced a corresponding acronym—CUPS, Control and User Plane Separation—to denote this idea.) The importance of these two distinctions will become clear in the following discussion.

_images/Slide02.png
Figure 7. Mobile Core divided into a Control Plan and a User Plane, an architectural feature known as CUPS: Control and User Plane Separation