Onnowpurbo: New page: '''Computer telephony integration''', also called computer–telephone integration or '''CTI''', is technology that allows interactions on a telephone and a computer to be integrat...

2010-01-08T00:32:28Z

New page: '''Computer telephony integration''', also called computer–telephone integration or '''CTI''', is technology that allows interactions on a telephone and a computer to be integrat...

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'''Computer telephony integration''', also called computer–telephone integration or '''CTI''', is technology that allows interactions on a [[telephone]] and a [[computer]] to be integrated or co-ordinated. As contact channels have expanded from voice to include email, web, and fax, the definition of CTI has expanded to include the integration of all customer contact channels (voice, email, web, fax, etc.) with computer systems.

==Common functions==

The following functions can be implemented using CTI:
*Call information display (caller's number ([[Automatic number identification|ANI]]), number dialed ([[DNIS]]), and [[Screen pop]]ulation on answer, with or without using calling line data
*[[Autodialer|Automatic dialing]] and computer controlled dialing (fast dial, preview, and [[predictive dialer|predictive dial]].)
*Phone control. (answer, hang up, hold, conference, etc.)
*Coordinated phone and data transfers between two parties (ie pass on the [[Screen pop]] with the call)
*Call center phone control. (logging on; after-call work notification)
*Advanced functions such as call routing, reporting functions, automation of desktop activities, and multi-channel blending of phone, e-mail, and web requests
*Agent state control (for example, after-call work for a set duration, then automatic change to the ready state)
*Call control for Quality Monitoring/[[call recording software]].

==Forms of CTI==
There are two forms of CTI.

;First-party [[call control]]
:First party call control operates as if there is a direct connection between the user's computer and the phone set. An example of this would be a modem card in a desktop computer, or a phone plugged directly into the computer. Typically, only the computer associated with the phone can control it, by sending command directly to the phone. The computer can control all the functions of the phone, normally at the computer user's direction. First party call control is the easiest to implement but is not suited to large scale applications such as [[call centre|call centers]].
;Third-party call control
:Third-party call control is more difficult to implement and often requires a dedicated [[telephony]] server to interface between the telephone network and the computer network. Third party call control works by sending commands from a user's computer to a telephony server, which in turn controls the phone centrally. Specifically, the user's computer has no direct connection to the phone set, which is actually controlled by an external device. Information about a phone call can be displayed on the corresponding computer workstation's screen while instructions to control the phone can be sent from the computer to the telephone network. Any computer in the network has the potential to control any phone in the telephone system. The phone does not need to be attached directly to the user's computer, although it may physically be integrated into the computer (such as a [[Voice over Internet Protocol|VoIP]] soft phone), requiring only a microphone and headset in the circuit, without even a keypad, to connect to the telephone network.

== CTI application event flow ==

A typical CTI application manages the event flow that is generated by the telephony switch during the life cycle of a call. This typically proceeds along the following sequence:
*Set up
*Deliver (ringing)
*Establish (answer)
*Clear (hang up)
*End

Other call events that can be handled by a typical CTI solution include the following:
*Hold
*Retrieve from hold
*Conference
*Transfer
*Forward

CTI applications handle events related to [[automated call distribution]] (ACD) such as:
* Agent logged in
* Agent available
* Agent not available
* Agent ready
* Agent is not ready

== History ==

The origins of CTI can be found in simple Screen Population (or "[[Screen Pop]]") technology. This allows data collected from the telephone systems to be used as input data to query databases with customer information and populate that data instantaneously in the customer service representative screen. The net effect is the agent already has the required screen on his/her terminal before speaking with the customer.

This technology started gaining widespread adoption in markets like North America and UK/Northern European countries.

There were several standards which had a major impact in the ´normalization´ of in the industry, previously fully closed and proprietary to each [[Private branch exchange|PBX]]/[[Automatic call distributor|ACD]] vendor. On the software level, the most adopted interface by vendors is the [[Computer-supported telecommunications applications|CSTA]] standard, which is approved by the standards-body [[ITU]]. Other well known CTI standards in the industry are [[JTAPI]], [[TSAPI]] and [[TAPI]]: JTAPI, the Java Telephony API is promoted by Sun; TSAPI, originally promoted by the AT&T (later Lucent then [[Avaya]]) and [[Novell]], by far the most adopted in large scale contact centers; Microsoft pushed their own initiative also, and thus TAPI was born, with support mostly from Windows applications.

Among the key players in this area, [[Lucent]] played a big role and [[IBM]] acquired [[ROLM]] Inc, a US pioneer in ACDs, in an attempt to normalize all major PBX vendor interfaces with its CallPath [[middleware]]. This attempt failed when it sold this company to [[Siemens AG]] and gradually divested in the area. A pioneer startup that combined the technologies of voice digitization, Token Ring networking, and time-division multiplexing was ZTEL of [[Wilmington, Massachusetts]]. ZTEL's computer-based voice and data network combined user-programmable voice call processing features, protocol conversion for automated "data call processing," database-driven directory and telset definitions, and custom LSI chipset technology. Unfortunately, ZTEL ran into funding and management problems, and it ceased operation in 1986. Another player more successful in that mission was Digital Equipment Corporation which developed CTI software, including a vendor abstraction middleware. It was sold to [[Dialogic_Corporation|Dialogic]], which in turn was purchased by Intel. This CTI software, known as [[CT Connect]], was subsequently sold in 2005 to Envox Worldwide.

On the hardware level, there was a paradigm shift since 1993, with emerging standards from [[IETF]], which led to several new players like [[Dialogic_Corporation|Dialogic]], Brooktrout (now part of Dialogic), NMS (also now part of Dialogic) and [[Aculab]] offering telephony interfacing boards for various networks and elements.

Several early CTI vendors and developers have changed hands over the years. An example is Nabnasset, an [[Acton, Massachusetts]] firm that developed a [[CORBA]] based CTI solution for a client and then decided to make it into a general product. It merged with Quintus, a [[customer relationship management]] company, which went bankrupt and was purchased by [[Avaya]] Telecommunications. Smaller organisations have also survived from the early days and have leveraged their heritage to thrive. However, many of the 1980s startups that were inspired by the "[[Bell System divestiture|Bell Breakup]]" and the coming competitive telephony marketplace, did not survive the decade.

== See also ==

* [[Automatic number identification]] (ANI)
* [[Automatic call distributor]]
* [[Dialed Number Identification Service]] (DNIS)
* [[Predictive dialer]]
* [[Screen pop]]
* [[Telephony Application Programming Interface]] (TAPI)
* [[CSTA|Computer-supported telecommunications applications]]
* [[Multi-Vendor Integration Protocol]]

Computer telephony integration - Revision history

Onnowpurbo: New page: '''Computer telephony integration''', also called computer–telephone integration or '''CTI''', is technology that allows interactions on a telephone and a computer to be integrat...