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	<updated>2026-04-19T23:40:28Z</updated>
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		<title>Unknown user at 21:31, 3 January 2025</title>
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		<updated>2025-01-03T21:31:54Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:31, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Proactive cyber defense or active cyber defense (ACD) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;means acting in anticipation &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;oppose an attack involving &lt;/del&gt;computers and networks. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Proactive cyber defense will most often require additional &lt;/del&gt;cybersecurity &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;from &lt;/del&gt;internet service providers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Proactive cyber defense&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;or active cyber defense (ACD)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, involves taking preemptive actions &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;counteract potential cyber attacks on &lt;/ins&gt;computers and networks. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This approach typically necessitates enhanced &lt;/ins&gt;cybersecurity &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;measures provided by &lt;/ins&gt;internet service providers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Some of the reasons for &lt;/del&gt;a proactive defense strategy &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are about &lt;/del&gt;cost and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;choice&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Making choices after an &lt;/del&gt;attack &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are difficult &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;costly&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Proactive defense &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;key to mitigating &lt;/del&gt;operational &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;risk&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The rationale behind adopting &lt;/ins&gt;a proactive defense strategy &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;centers on issues of &lt;/ins&gt;cost and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;decision-making&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Decisions made post-&lt;/ins&gt;attack &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;can be both challenging &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;expensive&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Proactively addressing security threats &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;crucial for reducing &lt;/ins&gt;operational &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;risks&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==History==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==History==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fifth &lt;/del&gt;century&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;B.C., Sun Tzu &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;advocated foreknowledge (&lt;/del&gt;predictive analysis&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) as part of a winning &lt;/del&gt;strategy. He &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;warned &lt;/del&gt;that planners must &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;have a precise understanding of &lt;/del&gt;the active &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;threat &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;not &quot;remain ignorant of &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;enemy&lt;/del&gt;&#039;s condition&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The thread &lt;/del&gt;of proactive defense &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is spun throughout his teachings&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;5th &lt;/ins&gt;century B.C., &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the Chinese military strategist &lt;/ins&gt;Sun Tzu &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;emphasized the importance of &lt;/ins&gt;predictive analysis &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in successful &lt;/ins&gt;strategy &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;formulation&lt;/ins&gt;. He &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;insisted &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;military &lt;/ins&gt;planners must &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;thoroughly comprehend &lt;/ins&gt;the active &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;threats &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;avoid being oblivious to &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;adversary&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;s condition. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;His teachings consistently reflect the theme &lt;/ins&gt;of proactive defense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Psychiatrist &lt;/del&gt;Viktor Frankl &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;was likely the first to use of the term proactive &lt;/del&gt;in his 1946 book Man&#039;s Search for Meaning to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;distinguish the act of &lt;/del&gt;taking responsibility for one&#039;s own circumstances &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather than attributing one&#039;s condition to external factors&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The term &quot;proactive&quot; was first used by psychiatrist &lt;/ins&gt;Viktor Frankl in his 1946 book&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;Man&#039;s Search for Meaning&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;describe &lt;/ins&gt;taking responsibility for one&#039;s own &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;situation instead of blaming external &lt;/ins&gt;circumstances.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Later in &lt;/del&gt;1982, the United States Department of Defense (DoD) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;used &lt;/del&gt;&quot;proactive&quot; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;as a contrary concept to &lt;/del&gt;&quot;reactive&quot; in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;assessing &lt;/del&gt;risk. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the framework of &lt;/del&gt;risk management &quot;proactive&quot; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;meant taking initiative by acting rather than reacting to threat events. Conversely &lt;/del&gt;&quot;reactive&quot; measures &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;respond &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a stimulus or past &lt;/del&gt;events &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather than predicting the event&lt;/del&gt;. Military science &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;then &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;now considers &lt;/del&gt;defense as the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;science-art &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;thwarting an attack&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Furthermore&lt;/del&gt;, doctrine &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;poses &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;if a party attacks &lt;/del&gt;an &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;enemy &lt;/del&gt;who is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;about &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;attack this &lt;/del&gt;could be &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;called &lt;/del&gt;active-defense. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Defense &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;also &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;euphemism for &lt;/del&gt;war &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;but &lt;/del&gt;does not &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;carry &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;negative connotation of an &lt;/del&gt;offensive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;war&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Usage in this way &lt;/del&gt;has &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;broadened the term &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;include most &lt;/del&gt;military &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;issues &lt;/del&gt;including offensive, which &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is implicitly referred to &lt;/del&gt;as active-defense. Politically, the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concept &lt;/del&gt;of national self-defense &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to counter a &lt;/del&gt;war &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of aggression refers to a defensive war involving pre-emptive offensive &lt;/del&gt;strikes and is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;one possible &lt;/del&gt;criterion in the &#039;Just War Theory&#039;. Proactive defense has &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;moved beyond theory. It has been put into practice &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;theatres of operation&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In &lt;/ins&gt;1982, the United States Department of Defense (DoD) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;contrasted &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;proactive&quot; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;with &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;reactive&quot; in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the context of &lt;/ins&gt;risk &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;assessment&lt;/ins&gt;. In risk management&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, being &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;proactive&quot; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;involves initiating actions in anticipation of threats, whereas &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;reactive&quot; measures &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are those taken in response &lt;/ins&gt;to events &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that have already occurred&lt;/ins&gt;. Military science &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;both historically &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;presently views &lt;/ins&gt;defense as the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;method &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;preventing attacks&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Moreover&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;doctrine &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;suggests &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;attacking &lt;/ins&gt;an &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;adversary &lt;/ins&gt;who is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;poised &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;strike &lt;/ins&gt;could be &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;considered &lt;/ins&gt;active-defense. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Although the term &quot;defense&quot; &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;often used as &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;softer alternative to &quot;&lt;/ins&gt;war&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,&quot; it &lt;/ins&gt;does not &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;imply &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;negativity associated with &lt;/ins&gt;offensive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;warfare&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The use of &quot;proactive&quot; &lt;/ins&gt;has &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;expanded within military discussions &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;encompass all aspects of &lt;/ins&gt;military &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;operations, &lt;/ins&gt;including offensive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;actions&lt;/ins&gt;, which &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;are subtly categorized &lt;/ins&gt;as active-defense. Politically, the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;notion &lt;/ins&gt;of national self-defense &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;against an aggressive &lt;/ins&gt;war &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;includes preemptive &lt;/ins&gt;strikes and is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sometimes cited as a &lt;/ins&gt;criterion in the &#039;Just War Theory&#039;. Proactive defense has &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;evolved from a theoretical concept to practical application &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;military operations&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In 1989 &lt;/del&gt;Stephen Covey&#039;s The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, published by Free Press, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;transformed &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;meaning &lt;/del&gt;&quot;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;act &lt;/del&gt;before a situation &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;becomes a source of confrontation &lt;/del&gt;or crisis&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/del&gt;. Since then, &quot;proactive&quot; has been &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;placed &lt;/del&gt;in opposition to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the words &lt;/del&gt;&quot;reactive&quot; or &quot;passive&quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stephen Covey&#039;s &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1989 book &lt;/ins&gt;The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, published by Free Press, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;further reshaped &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;understanding of &quot;proactive&lt;/ins&gt;&quot; to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mean taking action &lt;/ins&gt;before a situation &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;escalates into conflict &lt;/ins&gt;or crisis. Since then, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the term &lt;/ins&gt;&quot;proactive&quot; has &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;commonly &lt;/ins&gt;been &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;set &lt;/ins&gt;in opposition to &quot;reactive&quot; or &quot;passive&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Unknown user</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lms.onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php?title=Cyber_Defence&amp;diff=71356&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Unknown user at 21:30, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lms.onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php?title=Cyber_Defence&amp;diff=71356&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T21:30:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:30, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Pranala Menarik==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Pranala Menarik==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proactive_cyber_defence&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Unknown user</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lms.onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php?title=Cyber_Defence&amp;diff=50819&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Onnowpurbo: Created page with &quot;Proactive cyber defense or active cyber defense (ACD) means acting in anticipation to oppose an attack involving computers and networks. Proactive cyber defense will most ofte...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lms.onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php?title=Cyber_Defence&amp;diff=50819&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-04-29T22:43:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Proactive cyber defense or active cyber defense (ACD) means acting in anticipation to oppose an attack involving computers and networks. Proactive cyber defense will most ofte...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Proactive cyber defense or active cyber defense (ACD) means acting in anticipation to oppose an attack involving computers and networks. Proactive cyber defense will most often require additional cybersecurity from internet service providers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some of the reasons for a proactive defense strategy are about cost and choice. Making choices after an attack are difficult and costly. Proactive defense is key to mitigating operational risk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the fifth century, B.C., Sun Tzu advocated foreknowledge (predictive analysis) as part of a winning strategy. He warned that planners must have a precise understanding of the active threat and not &amp;quot;remain ignorant of the enemy&amp;#039;s condition&amp;quot;. The thread of proactive defense is spun throughout his teachings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Psychiatrist Viktor Frankl was likely the first to use of the term proactive in his 1946 book Man&amp;#039;s Search for Meaning to distinguish the act of taking responsibility for one&amp;#039;s own circumstances rather than attributing one&amp;#039;s condition to external factors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in 1982, the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used &amp;quot;proactive&amp;quot; as a contrary concept to &amp;quot;reactive&amp;quot; in assessing risk. In the framework of risk management &amp;quot;proactive&amp;quot; meant taking initiative by acting rather than reacting to threat events. Conversely &amp;quot;reactive&amp;quot; measures respond to a stimulus or past events rather than predicting the event. Military science then and now considers defense as the science-art of thwarting an attack. Furthermore, doctrine poses that if a party attacks an enemy who is about to attack this could be called active-defense. Defense is also a euphemism for war but does not carry the negative connotation of an offensive war. Usage in this way has broadened the term to include most military issues including offensive, which is implicitly referred to as active-defense. Politically, the concept of national self-defense to counter a war of aggression refers to a defensive war involving pre-emptive offensive strikes and is one possible criterion in the &amp;#039;Just War Theory&amp;#039;. Proactive defense has moved beyond theory. It has been put into practice in theatres of operation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989 Stephen Covey&amp;#039;s The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, published by Free Press, transformed the meaning &amp;quot;to act before a situation becomes a source of confrontation or crisis&amp;quot;. Since then, &amp;quot;proactive&amp;quot; has been placed in opposition to the words &amp;quot;reactive&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;passive&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Pranala Menarik==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Onnowpurbo</name></author>
	</entry>
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