https://lms.onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Garis_bujurGaris bujur - Revision history2026-04-20T06:33:46ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.1https://lms.onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php?title=Garis_bujur&diff=16054&oldid=prevOnnowpurbo: New page: [[Peta Bumi, memperlihatkan garis-garis bujur, yang nampak melengkung dan vertikal pada proyeksi ini, namun sebenarnya ...2010-02-06T22:51:45Z<p>New page: <a href="/wiki/index.php?title=File:WorldMapLongLat-eq-circles-tropics-non.jpg" title="File:WorldMapLongLat-eq-circles-tropics-non.jpg">thumb|300px|[[Peta</a> Bumi, memperlihatkan garis-garis bujur, yang nampak melengkung dan <a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Vertikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertikal (page does not exist)">vertikal</a> pada proyeksi ini, namun sebenarnya ...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[Image:WorldMapLongLat-eq-circles-tropics-non.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Peta]] Bumi, memperlihatkan garis-garis bujur, yang nampak melengkung dan [[vertikal]] pada proyeksi ini, namun sebenarnya garis-garis bujur tersebut merupakan setengah dari sebuah [[lingkaran besar]] bumi.]]<br />
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'''Bujur''' kadangkala dinotasikan oleh [[Lambda|abjad Yunani λ]], menggambarkan lokasi sebuah tempat di [[timur]] atau [[barat]] [[Bumi]] dari sebuah garis utara-selatan yang disebut [[Meridian Utama]]. Longitude diberikan berdasarkan [[sudut|pengukuran sudut]] yang berkisar dari 0° di Meridian Utama ke +180° arah timur dan −180° arah barat. Tidak seperti [[lintang]] yang memiliki [[ekuator]] sebagai posisi awal alami, tidak ada posisi awal alami untuk bujur. Oleh karena itu, sebuah dasar [[meridian]] harus dipilih. Meskipun [[kartografer]] [[Britania Raya]] telah lama menggunakan meridian [[Observatorium Greenwich]] di [[London]], referensi lainnya digunakan di tempat yang berbeda, termasuk [[Ferro]], [[Roma]], [[Kopenhagen]], [[Yerusalem]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Pisa]], [[Paris]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], dan [[Washington, D.C.]]. Pada [[1884]], [[Meridian Utama|Konferensi Meridian Internasional]] mengadopsi meridian Greenwich sebagai '''Meridian utama universal''' atau ''titik nol bujur''.<br />
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Dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]] bujur di sebelah barat [[Meridian]] diberi nama '''Bujur Barat''' ('''BB'''), demikian pula bujur di sebelah timur Meridian diberi nama '''Bujur Timur''' ('''BT'''). Nama-nama ini tidak dijumpai dalam bahasa Inggris. Bujur Barat dan Bujur TImur merupakan garis khayal yang menghubungkan titik [[Kutub Utara]] dengan [[Kutub Selatan]] bumi dan menyatakan besarnya sudut antara posisi bujur dengan garis Meridian. Garis Meridian sendiri adalah bujur 0 derajat.<br />
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Each degree of longitude is further sub-divided into 60 [[minute of arc|minutes]], each of which divided into 60 seconds. A longitude is thus specified as '''23°&nbsp;27′&nbsp;30"&nbsp;E'''. For high accuracy, the seconds are specified with a decimal fraction. An alternative representation uses degrees and minutes, where parts of a minute are expressed as a decimal fraction, thus: '''23°&nbsp;27.500′&nbsp;E'''. Degrees expressed as a decimal number is also used: '''23.45833°&nbsp;E'''. Sometimes, the West/East suffix is replaced by a negative sign for West. Confusingly, the convention of negative for East is also sometimes seen. The preferred convention that East is positive is consistent with the right-handed ''x''-axis in the [[Cartesian coordinate system]].<br />
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A specific longitude may then be combined with a specific [[latitude]] to give a precise position on the Earth's surface.<br />
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As opposed to a degree of latitude, which always corresponds to about 111 km (69 mi), a degree of longitude corresponds to a distance from 0 to 111 km: it is 111 km times the [[cosine]] of the latitude, when the distance is laid out on a circle of constant latitude; if the shortest distance, on a [[great circle]] were used, the distance would be even a little less.<br />
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Longitude at a point may be determined by calculating the time difference between that at its location and [[Coordinated Universal Time]] (UTC). Since there are 24 hours in a day and 360 degrees in a circle, the sun moves 15 degrees per hour (360°/24 hours = 15° per hour). So if the [[time zone]] a person is in is three hours ahead of UTC then that person is near 45° longitude (3 hours × 15° per hour = 45°). The word ''near'' was used because the point might not be at the center of the time zone; also the time zones are defined politically, so their centers and boundaries often do not lie on [[meridian (astronomy)|meridians]] at multiples of 15°. In order to perform this calculation, however, a person needs to have a [[chronometer]] (watch) set to UTC and needs to determine local time by solar observation or astronomical observation. The details are more complex than described here: see the articles on [[Universal Time]] and on the [[Equation of time]] for more details.<br />
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A line of constant longitude is a meridian, and half of a [[great circle]].<br />
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== Lihat pula ==<br />
* [[Garis lintang]]<br />
* [[Khatulistiwa]]<br />
* [[Meridian (geografi)|Garis Meridian]]<br />
* [[Sistem koordinat geografi]]<br />
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* [[Komet]]<br />
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== Pranala luar ==<br />
*[http://www.bcca.org/misc/qiblih/latlong.html Look-up Latitude and Longitude]<br />
*[http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlon_find_location.html Resources for determining your latitude and longitude]<br />
*[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/longitude/ PBS Nova Online: ''Lost at Sea, the Search for Longitude'']<br />
*[http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites]</div>Onnowpurbo